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Background: Increase in the incidence of caesarean section is a matter of concern worldwide. Robson’s criteria which is universally accepted now as a way for calculating caesarean rates takes into account only the obstetrical consideration, however, it is noteworthy that many socioeconomic and cultural factors also have a role to play. This study takes into account both Robson’s criteria and common socio-cultural factors which lead to increased caesarean rates with an attempt to suggest ways to curtail this trend.Methods: The study was a hospital based cross-sectional study at a private tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. 1200 consecutive live births after 34 weeks of gestation were analysed over a period of one year.Results: LSCS was the most common mode of delivery 733 (61.1%). 329 (27.4%) had induced labour of which 260 (76.2%) had LSCS. 333 women had elective LSCS. Rates of CDMR were 185 (25.2%) which is very significant. As per Robson’s criteria maximum number of women (318) were in group 2, of which 226 (71.1%) underwent caesarean section.Conclusions: High caesarean rates can be attributed to a multitude of factors. Robson’s criteria are an effective way for analysis of obstetric indications. Other added factors include comorbidities, CDMR, fear of litigations, etc which were analysed.
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Introduction: Both dengue and malaria are mosquito bornediseases, which are associated with high morbidity andmortality thus posing a worldwide public health problem.Both infections are endemic in tropical regions, leading to coinfections. Concurrent infections of malaria and dengue arewhen both the diseases occur simultaneously in an individual.Because of the similar clinical presentation between these twoinfections, the diagnosis of malaria and dengue co-infectionsmight be either misdiagnosed or misinterpreted as monoinfections. This study was aimed to evaluate the dengue andmalaria co-infection from this region.Material and methods: A total number of 994 patientssuffering from acute febrile illness were included in thestudy and screened for malaria and dengue infection.Blood sample from each febrile patient was collected inplain and EDTA vacutainer and were sent to the laboratory.The screening for malarial parasite was done by both rapidimmunochromatographic test and microscopic examination ofperipheral blood films (both thin and thick). Dengue screeningwas done by rapid immunochromatographic test as well as bydengue MAC ELISA.Results: 295 (29.67%) were found to be infected withdengue infection. Malaria parasite was found in 685 (68.91%)patients. Among them 430 (62.77%) cases were infected withPlasmodium vivax while 255 (37.22%) of cases were due toPlasmodium falciparum infection. Dengue and malaria coinfection was present in 30 (3.40%) patients with Plasmodiumfalciparum (53.33%) in most of the cases.Conclusion: The finding of this study indicates that denguemalaria co-infection is not uncommon. Both the infectionspresents clinically indistinguishable clinical features, earlydiagnosis of concurrent infection can be lifesaving.
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Introduction: Respiratory tract infections are a majorcause of ambulatory visits to the family practitioners.However, increase in antibiotic resistant strains of bacteriahas complicated the use of empiric therapy of this commonhuman disease. Among the Gram negative bacilli which arethe commonest pathogen of LRTI, Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most challenging, because of its high rate of resistanceto antimicrobial agent. Objectives: To obtain a comprehensiveinsight into the different resistant types: Multi drug resistant,Extensively drug resistant, Carbapenem Resistant, and MBLproducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from lowerrespiratory tract specimens and antibiotic susceptibilitydifferences between its mucoid and non mucoid colony typesbased on colony morphology.Material and Methods: A total of 926 lower respiratorytract samples consisting of sputum,pleural fluid,endotrachealaspirates,Bronchoalveolar lavage from patients of all ageand sex , suggestive of LRTI were included . FollowingDirect Gram staining and culture, the organisms wereisolated and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among them wereidentified by standard biochemical tests. The different typesof colony morphologies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and theantimicrobial susceptibility differences amongst the differentcolony types were statistically analysed.Results: A total 175 (18.8%) Pseudomonas were isolatedfrom different Lower respiratory specimen Out of these, only103 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be clinicallysignificant with 84.5% non mucoid and 11.4% mucoid colonytypes. The mucoid colony types showed high resistanceto Cefepime (35%), followed by Ceftazidime (20%) andAmikacin (15%).Conclusion: The high rate of MDR and XDR Pseudomonasaeruginosa also resistant to Carbapenems from this regionreveals a frightening scenario.As molecular methods are notavailable in majority of resource constrained laboratories ofIndia, the phenotypic methods should be regularly performedto detect the various beta-lactamases, besides strict infectioncontrol practices.
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The modern world has come to a challenge where most of the untreated conditions are resulting into complications and are burdened over society. To fetch all these, physicians are trying to limit such conditions by applying various scientific theories and methods to explain the basic underlying mechanism of health and diseases. Understanding of physical conditions through psychological approach is the mainstream of such conditions and is termed as Somatoform disorders or psychosomatic illnesses as explained by World Health Organization in international Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Stress is the contributing factor that doesn't allow the individual to remain in harmony with the surroundings and threatens the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. Dietary changes, mind-body therapies including meditation, stress relaxation techniques and Yoga can bring harmony back to individual suffering from such disorders.
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Introduction: Standardization of Ayurvedic drug is an important criteria for selection, processing, efficacy & safety wise, to meet the WHO guidelines for the world wide acceptability of Ayurvedic formulations. Therefore different preparations of Anandbhairav rasa from classic Bhaishajya Ratnavali has been selected and studied for standariztion. Materials & Methods: Three samples of Anand Bhairav Rasa were prepared according to Jwaratisar prakaran of Bhaishajya Ratnavaliand three samples according to Atisar Prakaran of Bhaishajya Ratnavali were made and subjected to various physico-chemical analyses so that their physical as well as chemical changes can be analyzed. Conclusion: Both formulations showed the difference in pharmaceutically, organoleptic examination as well as in chemical analysis. However, the results obtained from physico chemical analysis of all the three samples are very close together and within fixed physico-chemical norms as described in pharmacopeial standards for Ayurvedic formulations.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda like any other life sciences, has its integrity and potential to understand and determining the cure of rather potential serious and emergency conditions. There are numerous examples of such clinical success stories mentioned in our ancient texts ranging from various surgical and Para-surgical operations done by Acharya Sushruta during emergency, to the treatment of the patients who are nearby death due to intake of certain poisons incidentally or accidentally, or due to any other chronic medical illness such as fever, Rakta-pitta, Kshataj-kasa, Grahni, Ura-Kshtaja etc., due to excessive blood loss or to any Marmabhighata (injury to vital organs). All these require a highly skilled health care system which is beneficial not only for its preventing aspects but a curative one too and need of fast acting substances or procedures. Most of people who have certain experiences or knowledge of Ayurveda commonly say that Ayurvedic medicines or treatments are slower in action. Is it true ? if yes, why they are so? If not, then what is truth?